UNESP Journal of Legal Studies

EDITORIAL

2024-12-23T09:31:52-03:00

THE (DIS)PATHS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS IN THE FEDERAL SENATE (1988-2023)

2024-07-24T09:03:15-03:00

does the increasing number of public consultations carried out by the Federal Senate result in an effective contribution to the improvement of the Brazilian democratic process? By locating the presence and frequency of public consultations, seek to identify and describe the trajectory of use of this social participation mechanism in the Federal Senate from 1988 to 2023. In this sense, intend to discuss the possibilities for the arguments of expanding social participation and democratic legitimacy. The development of this enterprise is justified by theoretical and empirical reasons; first, to understand the path and functionality; second, to analyze its possible contributions to strengthening Brazilian participatory democracy. Except for the introduction and references, the paper is structured into four sections, namely: (i) describe the main ideas, functions and projections of public consultations in light of the democratic rule of law; (ii) put public consultations into perspective as a possibility for building social participation; (iii) detail the path of public consultations in the Federal Senate through the elaboration of a specific table with data obtained during the period (1988-2023); at end, (iv) evaluate the possible equivalence between public consultation and democratic legitimacy. Finally, conclusions will be presented. Thus, despite the apparent inclusion (which is applicable to any legislative proposal in the Federal Senate and with the possibility of expression from any person registered on the portal), the volatility of participation (both in frequency and in matters) and the non-binding nature of public consultations reduce their positive impact on participatory democracy.

EQUALITY IS AN UNDETERMINED CONCEPT!?:

2024-05-20T17:32:06-03:00

This is a non-systematic and integrative bibliographical review that aims to present, firstly, some concepts about equality from different perspectives of the social sciences. Next, we seek to explore the eighth chapter of the "Manifest for equality", where the author proposes the transcendence of fundamental rights towards the so-called "constitutional goods (or assents)". Finally, we tried to identify a minimum consensus on the idea of equality with contemporary theorists, especially in relation to its application in the real world, with the aim of reducing inequalities and guaranteeing greater access to essential goods for those in vulnerable situations. The work concluded that the concept of equality proposed by Ferrajoli has already been widely discussed by several theorists, and although it cannot be attributed as a pioneer, it presents an important contribution, especially to the field of Law. Furthermore, it was observed that equality is an indeterminate concept, subject to varied interpretations and influenced by diverse ideological currents in the social sciences. However, it is also highlighted that, even though it is indeterminate, it is sought through heterogeneous approaches to provide equal opportunities for individuals who are completely different from each other.

EFETIVIDADE DOS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS E A INTERCONEXÃO DOS DIREITOS DE MORADIA E DE PROPRIEDADE

2024-06-19T14:52:31-03:00

O estado liberal burguês constitui um obstáculo à distribuição igualitária dos direitos humanos fundamentais após a vitória das concepções neoliberais de estado, ficando evidente que o estado burguês terá cada vez mais crises e dificuldades em assegurar os padrões mínimos de democracia, dignidade e direitos, pois essa tarefa é cada vez mais atribuída ao mercado. Com o advento da CF/88, que iniciou uma nova fase tanto no tratamento do direito de propriedade, quanto ao direito de moradia, e em especial após as disposições trazidas pelo Estatuto da cidade, se faz necessário adentrar na conexão dos direitos e institutos jurídicos relacionados à regularização fundiária urbana. O presente artigo apresenta considerações a respeito da simbiose existente entre o direito de propriedade e o direito à moradia, trazendo aspectos relevantes destes que se constituem como direitos fundamentais de todos os cidadãos, bem como um estudo da implementação da regularização fundiária e dos direitos de moradia e propriedade, e breves apontamentos quanto à narrativa jurídica no campo dos direitos fundamentais e a codificação da propriedade como capital. Para tanto, aplicaram-se os métodos de procedimento bibliográfico e documental, e o método de abordagem escolhido foi o dedutivo. Concluiu-se pela importância da política pública de regularização fundiária e acesso à moradia independentemente do viés político ideológico ao qual analisada, posto que o direito á moradia digna é fundamental para a estabilização social e acréscimo à democracia.

O PARADIGMA DA IMPLANTAÇÃO DA IA NA SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA BRASILEIRA

2024-07-04T22:07:07-03:00

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has become increasingly present in society in its various areas. This is because the high rates of violent crime, especially of a property nature, throughout most of Brazil have demanded the urgent adoption of algorithms and predictive policing system once the data obtained constitutes a huge database capable of facilitating crime prevention by the police force. However, despite this possible advance, its adoption has proved to be highly subject to the discretionary public policies of executive governments, so that legislation regulating data protection and AI has dealt little with the use of this technology in criminal law, bringing enormous uncertainty as to the legitimacy of its application, beset by methodological flaws and data leaks. Thus, this article proposes a methodological analysis of the relationship between efficiency and the necessary regulation of the use of such technology, applying the discussion to two tools currently used in different states in Brazil and bringing a counterpoint with their stage of discussion in the international sphere, allowing us to conclude the diagnosis on the real lack of legitimacy of its technological use in Brazil.

Gender Perspective in the Judiciary of the Province of Buenos Aires. The “Micaela Law” as a Tool for the Mandatory Training of Judges

2024-11-11T14:35:47-03:00

Este trabajo tiene una finalidad eminentemente práctica y propositiva: pretende aportar al fortalecimiento de las instituciones provinciales desde una perspectiva de derechos humanos y en línea con su compromiso públicamente asumido en el avance hacia la igualdad de género. En el contexto de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, el poder judicial
cuenta con herramientas legales para la aplicación de una perspectiva de género que permita juzgar con criterios de igualdad. La sanción de la Ley 15134 dota a los organismos públicos de una propuesta metodológica y política para sostener el, postergado, avance igualitario.

Perversion of law in the regulation of pesticides

2024-08-19T12:33:11-03:00

The number of pesticides registered by the Brazilian State has increased dramatically in the last years, reaching record numbers in 2022, and this increase occurred before any legislative change. The present study proposes to analyze the legal scenario of regulation of the use of pesticides in this period, through bibliographical and documental research, and, from that, to present as a possible theoretical explanatory model the concept of perversion of law. The objective is to apply a theoretical explanatory model of the complexity of the legal phenomenon to the regulatory scenario of pesticide use in Brazil, especially since 2015. With some examples of recent changes in the regulation of the use of pesticides, it is concluded that this field is prolific in legal mechanisms that deepen a democratic crisis, as far as, despite the use of pesticides having multiple and direct social impacts, those affected, through the perversion of law, are effectively distanced from decision-making processes. However, the category of perversion of law does not seem to be sufficient to explain all the cases explored.

BETWEEN HUNGER AND SILENCE

2024-08-04T22:17:06-03:00

ABSTRACT: In 1991, with the ratification of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Brazil recognized food as a right. This recognition was corroborated by the publication of Federal Law 11346/2006 and the promulgation of Constitutional Amendment 64/2010, which included the Human Right to Adequate Food (HRAF) in the list of explicit Social Rights of the Federal Constitution. Despite the standardization of the HRAF, in practice, in 2022, Brazil had 125.2 million people in food insecurity, included in this group, the more than 33 million people in a situation of hunger, the most serious type of food insecurity. With the normative scope of the aforementioned texts and the hunger crisis observed in the country, the hypothesis was raised that there would be a large number of demands involving the HRAF within the scope of the Superior Court of Justice – the jurisdictional body responsible for the interpretative standardization of the federal legislation. It was also suggested that the HRAF interpretative approach in the Superior Court of Justice jurisprudence was primarily guided by the fight against hunger. Based on a descriptive methodology, based on data collected directly from the jurisprudence of that court, analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, the research aimed to know how many and what demands about HRAF reached that Court and how it manifested itself. It was concluded that only 04 (four) rulings explicitly dealing with HRAF were handed down by Superior Court of Justice throughout its existence, with none focusing on combating hunger, limiting HRAF to Sanitary Adequacy, that is, the search for food free from substances harmful to health.

Keywords: Food; Right; Jurisprudence.

QUEM CITA QUEM

2024-06-19T14:43:04-03:00

In any type of enunciative formulation, there is discourse endowed with a remarkable ideological and historical load that goes beyond semantic resources. Especially in the argumentative dynamics of the Supremo Tribunal Federal (Brazilian Supreme Court), it is possible to find the use of various linguistic modalities for meaning formulation, such as citations, which offer a perspective on the internal dialogue between Justices in a kind of intrinsic dialogue to the Court, in a textual manner. This research discusses the use of citation modalities in the rulings of the Brazilian Supreme Court, with the intention of exploring how this dialogue of citations occurs: "who cites whom?", "who cites what?", "how do they cite?" and "why do they cite?". Taking as a starting point the Bakhtinian discourse theory, we conducted an empirical analysis of all the citations made by the Justices in their votes on Ações Diretas de Inconstitucionalidade (“Direct Actions for de Declaration of Unconstitutionality”, regular Judicial Review action) during 2019, especially the quotations relating to the doctrines of each Justice, in order to answer the questions already formulated. Among the results obtained, a quantitative survey and qualitative discussion are highlighted, within the selected period, of: all the citations made by Justices within their votes; all self-citations made by Justices within their votes; which doctrinal works were most cited; and which doctrinal works were most highlighted.

CONFLITOS FUNDIÁRIOS E A DESAPROPRIAÇÃO

2024-08-20T08:57:43-03:00

The study investigates the historical and social transformations that have shaped the conception and exercise of property rights, focusing on their social function and state intervention when this is not fulfilled. The aim is to analyze the grounds that legitimize the State's action in cases where properties do not meet their social function. Given the persistence of a privatist view of property and the reluctance of the Judiciary to adopt a more inclusive approach, the study proposes a critical reflection on the topic. Using bibliographic review and case analysis as methodological tools, the study relies on fundamental concepts to understand the social function of property, culminating in the analysis of the Bubas case, which occurred in Foz do Iguaçu. It is understood that, besides being an individual right, property should be seen as a tool for social development and the guarantee of social rights, with the principle of social function being essential in this process. The results highlight the persistence of a deeply rooted understanding of property as an essentially private right throughout history, hindering its evolution into an instrument of social justice. There is significant progress in the way property rights are treated judicially, especially when confronted with other fundamental rights, such as the right to housing. The study reveals the complexity and challenges involved in reconciling individual property rights with society's collective demands, emphasizing the importance of a more inclusive and sensitive approach by the Judiciary and the State.

A REGRA DO ESGOTAMENTO DOS RECURSOS INTERNOS NA JURISPRUDÊNCIA DO SISTEMA CONVENCIONAL DE DIREITOS HUMANOS DA ONU E OS CASOS BRASILEIRO

2024-08-05T07:08:17-03:00

O artigo foi desenvolvido a partir do estudo dos 10 (dez) Comitês de monitoramento ou órgãos de tratados criados ao longo dos anos de funcionamento do Sistema Convencional de Direitos Humanos, promovido pelas Nações Unidas. Do estudo do sistema de peticionamento dos 10 Comitês, analisou-se a problemática quanto à nomenclatura, o trâmite de uma petição apresentada no procedimento de Comunicações Individuais e no mecanismo de Ação Urgente, explicitando seus requisitos de admissibilidade. A partir desse levantamento, identificou-se 5 petições que foram submetidas pelo sistema de peticionamento envolvendo o Estado brasileiro. Portanto, trata-se de uma pesquisa documental e jurisprudencial, com base nos relatórios emitidos pelos Comitês de monitoramento dos últimos 3 (três) anos, em média, ampliando-se ou reduzindo esse lapso temporal a depender da quantidade de casos anuais julgados, a fim de estabelecer um panorama relativamente consistente no tocante aos requisitos de admissibilidade de uma petição. Em conclusão, revela-se a complexidade do Sistema Convencional, o que tende a ocasionar entraves ao acesso de vítimas de direitos humanos, que se confirma com os poucos casos envolvendo o Estado brasileiro em duas décadas de funcionamento dos mecanismos de denúncia.